BPHCT-137 Waves and Optics Solved Assignment 2021 In English

Description

Course Code :	BPHCT-137
Course Title :	Waves and Optics
Medium :	English Medium
Program :	BSCG / B.Sc (CBCS)
Maximum Marks :	100
Weightage :	30%
Session :	Valid from 1st Janaury, 2021 to 31st December, 2021
Submission :	Submit it by December, 2021
Solution Type :	Softcopy (PDF File)

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ASSIGNMENT
Plant Physiology and Metabolism

Course Code: BPHCT-137
Assignment Code: BPHCT-137/TMA/2021
Maximum Marks: 100

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Note: Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it.

PART-A

1. a) The mathematical expression for one dimensional wave travelling along the positive x-direction is given as
y(x,t) = 0.02 sin(42 x -1886t)m
where x is in meters and t is in seconds. Determine the direction of propagation of the wave and calculate its amplitude, wavelength, frequency and velocity. (2×5)
b) Determine the frequencies of the fundamental mode and the next two harmonics that can be set up on a sitar string of length 1.0 m. Take the speed of waves of the string to be 2.8 10 ms . 3 1  (5)
c) The electric field vectors of two light waves propagating along the positive z-direction are given as
E1(z,t)  xˆ E01cos(kz  t)

E2(z,t)  yˆ E02cos(kz  t  )

where xˆ and yˆ are unit vectors along x and y-axes, respectively. Show that when these two waves superpose, we obtain elliptically polarised light. Also show that the linear and circular polarisations are special cases of elliptical polarisation. (5+5)

2. a) Derive an expression for the displacement of the nth bright fringe in Young’s double-slit experiment when a thin transparent plate of refractive index  and thickness t is introduced in the path of one of the constituent interfering beams of light. Will there be any change in the fringe-width after the introduction of the plate? (8+2)
b) i) Distinguish between fringes of equal inclination and fringes of equal thickness. (5)
ii) Newton’s rings are formed in reflected light of wavelength 5890 108 cm with a liquid between the plane and curved surfaces. The diameter of the fifth ring is 0.3 cm and the radius of curvature of the curved surface is 100 cm. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid, when the ring is bright. (5)
c) Explain how Michelson interferometer is used to determine the refractive index of a thin plate. (5)

PART B

3. a) What is a zone plate? How does a positive zone plate differ from a negative zone plate? Show that each Fresnel zone has nearly the same area. (3+3+4)
b) In the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to a single slit, the intensity of the central spot is maximum. Explain on the basis of geometrical considerations. (5)
c) The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to a single slit of width 0.4 cm is obtained with the help of a lens of focal length 30 cm. If the wavelength of light used is 5890 Å, calculate the distance of the first dark fringe and the consecutive bright fringe from the axis. (5)
d) The radius of the fifth zone of a zone plate is 2 mm. Considering the zone plate as a converging lens, calculate its focal length for light of wavelength 4800 Å. (5)

4. a) What do you understand by spatial and temporal coherence? (3)
b) Explain the meaning of coherence length. (3)
c) What is the difference between spontaneous emission of radiation and stimulated emission of radiation? (3)
d) How is holography different from ordinary photography? (3)
e) What are the advantages of using optical fibre as communication medium? (3)

5. a) In a laser, the lasing levels are the first excited state and the ground state of the active medium. If the energy of the first excited state is 1.5eV, calculate the frequency of the laser light. (5)
b) The refractive index of the core and cladding materials of an optical fibre is 1.46 and 1.38, respectively. Calculate the critical angle, numerical aperture and acceptance angle at the air-fibre interface. (5)

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